This
topic I think was the most interesting one for everybody, because nowadays we
all stick to the Internet and I think it was interesting for
everybody to know about the internet. On October 24, 1995, the FNC unanimously
passed a resolution defining the term Internet. First let me tell you the
history of the internet.
Mid
1960:
Papers on “Packet Switching” emerge.
End
1969s:
ARPA sponsors the development of a packet-switching network, called the
ARPANET. First four nodes are UCLA, SRI, U.
Utah, UCSB.
1974:
The TCP/IP protocols and model are being proposed by Cerf/Kahn.
1980:
IPv4 is introduced
1983:
ARPANET adopts TCP/IP. At this time, the ARPANET has 200 routers.
1984:
NSF funds a TCP/IP based backbone network. This
backbone grows into the
NSFNET, which becomes the successor of the ARPANET.
1995:
NSF stops funding of NSFNET. The Internet is completely commercial.
Now
let me give you general information of internet.
- It is the largest network in
the world that connects hundreds of thousands of individual networks all
over the world.
- The popular term for the
Internet is the “information highway”.
- Rather than moving through
geographical space, it moves your ideas and information through cyberspace
– the space of electronic movement of ideas and information.
- No one owns it
- It has no formal management
organization.
- As it was originally developed
by the Department of defense, this lack of centralization made it less
vulnerable to wartime or terrorist attacks.
- To access the Internet, an
existing network need to pay a small registration fee and agree to certain
standards based on the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol) .
We
use internet for different things such as:
- Send e-mail messages.
- Send (upload) or receive (down
load) files between computers.
- Participate in discussion
groups, such as mailing lists and newsgroups.
- Surfing the web.
Nowadays
almost everyone has an internet at his home or at least phone, and it
has 7 underlying technologies.
OSI (Open System
Interconnection) Model consists of 7 layers:
1. Layer
1 (Physical): hardware
2. Layer
2 (Data Link): handling errors of layer 1, flow control, synchronisation
3. Layer
3 (Network): switching and routing, logical paths, virtual circuits
4. Layer
4 (Transport): end-to-end system services, ensures complete data transfer
5. Layer
5 (Session): connections between applications
6. Layer
6 (Presentation): independence from difference in representation (syntax layer)
7. Layer
7 (Application): end user processes (telnet, ftp)
We
use different browsers to enter to the internet, they have developed a lot and
nowadays we mostly use Google chrome which I'm using right now :D
In
the second session our lecturer has taught us about the connections of the
internet
There
are three ways of connection to the internet.
1.
LAN servers
Local
servers can provide access to the Internet through normal connections (e.g.,
Ethernet)
2.
Serial line internet protocol (SLIP) and Point-to-point protocol (PPP)
Communications
protocol software that transmits packets over telephone lines, allowing dial-up
access to the Internet
3.
Connection via an on-line service provider (ISP)
Examples
are America Online and Microsoft Network. These services usually require
sign-up procedures
And as we all know
there are URL which is one of the most important things in the
internet
- The IP address and the domain
name each identify a particular computer on the Internet.
- However, they do not indicate
where a Web page’s HTML document resides on that computer.
- To identify a Web pages exact
location, Web browsers rely on Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
- URL is a four-part
addressing scheme that tells the Web browser:
- What transfer protocol
to use for transporting the file
- The domain name of the
computer on which the file resides
- The pathname of the
folder or directory on the computer on which the file resides
- The name of the
file
The another important
thing which we have learnt was the Internet safety
Usernames &
Passwords
- When you register with
different sites, you will generally pick a username and a password.
- Write down the site name,
username, and password and keep the information in a safe place (NOT on
your computer).
- Get in the habit of doing this
each time you register with any site.
- This way if something happens
to your computer, you still have the information.
- Protect your password
information, since most people use the same password in a lot of
places. If someone knows your password for one site, they might
be able to use it to get at more personal information at another site.
And in the class we have
discussed about a lot of things such as Phishing, Websites and Web designers
and lecturer has told us a lot of useful but boring things. But I have learnt a
lot of news things for myself and I hope they will be useful in my future life
as other subjects thus I'm studying this subject with my all patience ;D
HI everybody I'm Akmal Teshabaev , a student from Uzbekistan which is located on the heart of the Central Asia. I'm 18 years old and I'm cheerful boy who likes sport and music a lot. I came to AiU on the February of 2012 and I like here. I'm not interested in ICT a lot because I prefer business rather than ICT but I think these subjects of ICT also will be helpful in my future life as other subjects. Otherwise university wouldn't make it compulsory subjects I think. I like to work on Computers but I don't really interested in what they contain inside them but I must study so I'll do my best on three subjects of ICT :)
